Obama and the Nineteen Sixties
by: Eli Zaretsky on August 1st, 2010 | 15 Comments »
How are we to understand the malaise, the feelings not only of disappointment but also of disinterest, depoliticization and even hopelessness that the Obama Presidency has brought in its wake? The “liberal” supporters of Obama, such as David Remnick, Hendrick Herzberg or Jonathan Alter give us two contradictory explanations. On the one hand, the campaign raised too-high expectations, there was bound to be a let down. On the other hand, they also tell us that Obama has been a spectacularly successful President, “delivering” health care, financial reform, and saving us from a Great Depression. In either case “we” – the disappointed Obama supporters, in a word, the left – are subtly reproached for our immaturity, our lack of realism; their’s is a sort of: “thank-you-very-much-for-your-help-in-the-campaign-but-lets-leave-things-to-the-grown-ups-until-the-next-campaign” approach.
There is a deeper way to understand the Obama malaise, however, one that frees us from focusing on the man, and helps us to see our society. That way is to situate the campaign, and the Presidency, historically. In this regard no context is more important than the one that remains the deepest, most important and most unmastered part of our collective history and imagination – the 1960s. For the Obama Presidency was inconceivable without the sixties, and it is precisely the sixties that Obama has repudiated.
Let us start with this: electing a black President in a country founded in slavery, and still segregated a few decades ago is a miracle, and anything that has a whiff of the miraculous about it descends from the sixties, because that is what the sixties meant – the ability to re-imagine society, to open infinitely new possibilities, in the context of the stasis of cold war Eisenhower America. Obama’s election also echoed the sixties in that he was able to displace Hillary Clinton, the wife of the man who claimed to finally put the sixties to rest by “reaching out” to the bubbas, casting out the Sister Souljahs from the party (all the while acting out in public a seventies style marital drama involving sexual intrigues and husband-wife power struggles). The very vagueness and generality of Obama’s campaign slogans – “hope” “change” – echoes the sixties refusal to produce a limited “program” since then as in 2008 the core insight was that EVERYTHING had to change. Perhaps most importantly, Obama’s refusal to allow himself to be defined in terms of his race or skin color echoes the sixties, since the main thrust of sixties politics was to disidentify with one’s social group, in other words not to come into politics as a worker, or a woman, or a Jew, but rather to discover in the course of struggle deeper levels of solidarity than those permitted by the official classifications.
I doubt that Axelrod and the other figures who designed the Obama campaign knew how much of the image they were creating they owed to the sixties militants and activists. On the contrary as creative people – advertising men – they dug deep down into their unconscious and came up with images and slogans that corresponded to American’s deep longing for change. But it was nothing but a sales job. For everything that Obama has stood for since his campaign is exactly what the sixties is against. What are these things?
First, the primacy of the economic. The idea that our economy is something that we measure statistically rather than a set of obligations that we have to one another. Second, the reliance on experts. The framing of health care in terms of “results-oriented” research which will supposedly improve health care as it cuts costs, whereas anyone who remembers the sixties knows that the way to improve health care is to empower doctors, nurses, paraprofessionals and to go up against insurance companies, drug companies, food industries, and polluters. Third, the militarism: the big lie that insists that America is a victim whereas America spreads violence like a flame thrower everywhere that weak regimes cannot protect themselves. Finally, the calls for “patience,” the likening of social change to the turning of a great tanker, the absurd promises of a transformative Presidency in the second term, the condescension toward the hopeful young people and older leftists who brought the Presidency into existence.
The Obama Presidency, then, shows us both that the ideas of the 1960s, and especially its spirit, are not – as Obama so often tells us – “outmoded ideologies.” And it equally tells us that the “new” reign of experts and managers and economists that Obama believes in is as empty now as it was in 1960. If we see both sides of this contradiction, we can see past Obama and overcome our malaise.



This article affords a context that “makes sense” to me, although there is no single way to define the stasis of those who were hopeful–unrealistically so–for an Obama presidency.
I watched and listened carefully during the campaign, and while wanting very much for there to be more than smiles and words, I always had sense of foreboding that was fulfilled by Obama’s first, and continuing, administrative appointments, and his capitulation beyond compromise on every issue. I clearly see the failure of, I will say, the dismissal of the term “Change.”
I find contradictions in the administration that has firm roots in the nation’s psycho-society. I am reading a work that offers interesting, to me, descriptions of the psycho-social working-out in the society and its echo and support of the administration.
I recommend “Violence in History, Culture and the Psyche” by Jungian Analyst, and former President of the International Analytical Society, Luigi Zoja, Spring Journal Books. The small volume, a series of six lectures given in Europe, N and S America, offers a chillingly clear setting, focus and analysis of the thought and actions of the Administration and American society.
Of “Reductivism,” Zoja writes, “The fear of diversity…is also the fear of time, because time creates differences. I am afraid of diversity because I am ignorant, but I am afraid of the future as well, because I don’t know how I will change. This reduction of time …changes into its negative twin through the Western phenomenon known as consumerism.” p. 82.
Eli,
I’m in profound agreement with you about the sixties subtext of the Obama presidency, the malaise of liberals who don’t realize this, and the possibility of overcoming that malaise through people’s themselves enacting the promise of the campaign through social and intellectual action–as you yourself are doing through this posting.
In fact, having known Obama since 1996, when he participated in the Chicago Summit on Ethics and Meaning just before the DNC that year, which I helped organize (the title was “Re-Awakening Hope in a Time of Cynicism”), I quit a teaching job that was becoming frustrating shortly after he announced his candidacy. Since then, I’ve been thinking through the meaning of the phrase “We are the ones we’ve been waiting for,” which Obama took from Jim Wallis, who played a big part of the Politics of Meaning movement. My book on that topic, “Literacy for Love and Wisdom: ‘Being the Book’ and ‘Being the Change’” (with Jeff Wilhelm) is coming out next year from Columbia Teachers College Press, with an accompanying conference that summer (see http://www.aepl.org). IF we ARE “the ones we’ve been waiting for,” we need a system of education–both schooling and democratic living–centered on the process of our finding ourselves and one another. We need what physicist Peter Russell, in “Waking Up in Time,” has called a Wisdom Revolution and what Matthew Fox, in “The Re-Invention of Work,” has called “wisdom schools” to accomplish it. Here are the last two sentences of the Introduction to our book, “Among Schoolteachers”: “…see if by the end we might have shown you how, regardless of the political situation around us, another world IS possible, IF we are able to envision and commit ourselves to it together. By the time you finish reading, we hope you will say with us, ‘Yes! Whether or not OBAMA brings about meaningful the “change” he called us to, WE STILL can!’ Thanks in large part to the widespread belief in large-scale transformation his campaign BEGAN, but ONLY began to evoke!”
Where I profoundly disagree with you, Eli, is in the belief you seem to have that we need to give up on Obama to build change on our own. That couldn’t be further from the truth, to my mind, and stems from one of the ILLUSIONS of the sixties–that social movements working totally apart from politics and policy could accomplish transformation on their own. I happen to have recently finished the Remnick bio, and am now reading the Alter. Neither, but particularly Alter, is as fully supportive and uncritical of Obama as you contend. And Alter, further, shows how Obama is quite critical of himself.
I remember how I came close to giving up on Obama, considering voting for Edwards, in the fall of 2007, when he was running a pretty lackluster campaign. He eventually decided that being radically honest was his best shot, and that proved to be right. He could well decide that again. He could admit he’s been bamboozled to a great extent by business and the military. And he could call us again to momentous change. But if our ears our closed–if we attribute that call to illusory “politics”–that change will never transpire, at least not until it’s way too late. We’ll all be screwed, and it will be due in part to us.
The recent NSP conference was held in the shadow of the house of Frederick Douglass, who knew Lincoln’s shortcomings, knew he was a racist, but also kept believing he could learn to get beyond that. And he did. So you’re right, Eli, WE still can effect change, but Obama still can too. It will be a hell of a lot easier with his help. And not giving up on HIM is another way of not giving up on ourselves.
Bruce Novak, Chicago
bruce; thank you for a thoughtful reply. I understand the problem, and if people want to vote for obama, they should obviously vote for obama. However, I cannot see that there is any difference between his policies and Bush’s. I realize that this has to be argued in detail. but we forget that Bush also had a finance reform and a health reform. We are inclined to think the best of obama. Wrongly.
Also< ido not think we can bring about change by ourselves. of course not. But we will never figure out who we are and what we think if we are simply focused on obama. Douglas, incidentally, knew this. You probably know that when he gave the memorial service for lincoln he reminded his audience that lincoln was the white man's President. Furthermore, obama is no lincoln.
Obama watchers here might be interested in an article about his policies and his relation to the Left on the site of “Dissent”, a rad/lib site, for those who don’t know it. Here is the first paragraph of the article:
Summer 2010 “Obama on and off base”
By Eugene Goodheart
” My object is to defend Barack Obama against attacks on him by what has been his liberal constituency. Again and again he is accused of timidity and excessive caution for not fighting for their agenda. The assumption is that his agenda and theirs coincide, and that he lacks the courage and force to fight for its enactment. Could it be that he simply differs from his critics about policy and strategy and that it may even take a kind of courage to resist the pressure of his liberal base? It is the habit of his critics to invoke liberal heroes of the past – Lincoln, FDR, and even LBJ as models for what a bold presidency can achieve – and contrast their performances with the timorousness of Obama’s. (“Be afraid, be very afraid,” Paul Krugman mocks Obama when he takes a tack that does not conform to what Krugman believes should and can be done.) Anyone who has read the history of the Lincoln and Roosevelt administrations has to be struck with the unfairness of the contrast. Their presidencies proceeded through fits and starts, hesitations and uncertainties. Rarely did they avoid making compromises to achieve results. Either unread in that history or willfully ignoring it, Obama’s critics express dismay and disbelief at every failure, every inconsistency, apparent and real, in his performance.”
See their Home page, halfway down, for the rest of the article (sorry, I don’t know how to do links). “Dissent” is also a journal, publishing since the early 50′s, and is the closest politically to my convictions (although ,I must say ,that I am much more critical of Obama than this author, especially when it comes to the odious sell-out to fascist forces in Honduras by the US)
Marco
Goodheart is completely wrong about Roosevelt and Lincoln. I’ve written a book on the New Deal, I think I know something about those Presidencies. Also, Presidents have constituencies, they have bases. A huge wave of progressive sentiment set Hillary Clinton aside because she refused to apologize for her pro-Iraq war. For Obama to ignore the people who gave him the nomination, as he does, to even be ashamed of them, as Garry Wills pointed out, just shows why there is so little progressive support for obama. Let him go begging for right wing votes. He is not going to get the potentially huge progressive sentiment out there, and that will be his downfall.
I agree with all the comments so far .. I am a black man who voted for obama and he is a wimp / sellout / liar / pussy / narcissist … Pick your term …
GW Bush was viewed a weak country club Republican to Gingrich and his ilk, and so is Barack Obama viewed from the left by Eli . For those of us who grew up Union households and then in the 60s; for those of us who were expecting at least a mildly left leaning country by the turn of the century, it is painful to now live in an American decade which, in many ways, is more hospitable to the politics of our high school contemporarries who bitterly rejected the aspirations of the 60′s , than to those of us who continue to embrace them.
To Eli I can only say this: legislators may come and go in cycles , but the Supreme Court comes and stays and settles in for a generation. We can ill afford any more Scalias , Roberts or Thomases; and if the only thing Obama has accomplished is the succesful appointments of these two women, he’ll still get my vote.
Much of my own frustration toward President Obama comes from my wish that he be the Activist-in Chief. He has made clear that that is not the role of President, as he understands it, but I’m not sure that this his is not the more limited understanding of the presidency. The President is not just the head of state; he is, if I can say this without it being made into a pejorative, the First Citizen of the Nation. As such, he has all of the obligations of a citizen: to care for the nation in body and soul. To care for the nation’s body means not simply keeping people employed, but making sure there is employment in the future; not simply making sure that there is food on family dinner tables, but making sure that there will be food in the future; not simply making sure that people are housed during his presidency, but making sure that the children and grandchildren of today have homes in the future. To care for its soul means not simply mouthing religious platitudes, but nurturing a deep moral and spiritual vision and sense of accountability in the present that will find its full flowering in the future. It means helping people feel comfortable with having less, not because we are impoverished in resources and vision but because we have turned from the impulse to be exploiters of those resources to the intention to be their caretakers.
President Obama seems to prefer short-term successes to long-term inspiration. He has traded the better for the worse: instead of addressing people’s concerns with feeling powerless over their lives in the face of corporate and governmental control, he has increased that sense of powerlessness paradoxically by trying to save us from the corporations that have almost destroyed us. By focusing on the corporations and the banks, he has underscored the powerlessness of the people, leading both left and right to feel ever more frustrated. I suspect it is because he really does not understand the need that Americans of all political persuasions have to feel that we are not the pawns of the powerful, but are independent citizens of a nation whose very foundation is our capacity to say “NO!” to corporate and political despotism.
Mr. Obama is and always was a corporate democrat. While spewing “Yes We Can” and “Change You Can Believe In” he was planning his moves with big Pharma and AHIP. Rather than use momentum from the 2008 election to help promote real change in the way corporate America controls the lives of the American citizen (think oil, health care, energy, food, the war), Mr. Obama chose to side with shareholders and power brokers. Unfortunately, too few saw the party being over and the OFA crowd sewed up the corporate take over of health care reform and energy policy because they were still drinking the Kool Aid. The summer of hate saw health care reform accomplish paltry results. The fall followed with more watered down reforms. And amidst rampant unemployment Mr. Obama cannot find the zeitgeist to fight for the paradigm shift which would help us develop a cleaner, safer, independent energy policy…where have all those clean energy jobs gone?
Mr. Obama is a boy doing a man’s job. He talked big and backed down. We may never know why, but it really doesn’t matter. Whether he goes down in history as a fraud or a wimp….who cares. Until the people decide whether they value democracy more than free market capitalism AND develop the wisdom to know the difference we are all doomed to suffer the political despotism Hackett above so eloquently describes.
Aside from the planet reaching critical mass, and we all wake up tomorrow morning to an enlightened
planet. The only way to avoid planetary destruction, (assuming we have not reached a tipping point)
working within our political system, is to create an agenda that can be supported by liberals, progressives supportive religious organizations and all the other kindred spirits in the county, as well as gaining the trust of all the citizens who do not participate in the current political process, creating a majority and require our representatives to enact the agenda or be recalled or impeached from office.
Citizen Central is the vehicle for us to manifest a societal paradigm shift,
.It can be done in three months.
Bush also had an education reform, which the President and his Ed Secretary are building upon and “improving”. Now there are droves of young reformist educators whose passionate commitment especially to ghettoized students of all kinds is “data-driven” and probably more practically mindful of accountability than anything else.
So it seems to me that an Obama Admin has given added backing and momentum to what actually saps progressive organizing and teaching. True for education, not true as noted above, for Supreme Court nominations — which don’t depend on a “base” that much. What about everything else?
Eli gave a good rundown of the anti-transformative way Obama “organizes” and it’s effect on… us. Bruce knows that nonetheless a good teacher will never give up. But on what? If you can see Barack in your vision of a better future, a vote and even work may follow. If not, we work independently — but mindful of the price for especially those of us around the 60/60 nexus. (If not old ebnough for SNCC, then for late-sixties campus uprisings, etc.
Obama is not the man we hoped he was. He is not a progressive with a vision of a more cooperative America. His goal is to turn the U.S. back into a functional, militarily dominant, corporate capitalist democracy. But as hard as he tries to achieve bipartisanship, his overtures are rejected by conservatives, who see him as a progressive with a vision of a more cooperative America. Lucky for us?
08 August 2010
Democrats! You are the lesser of two evils.
Barack Obama was elected because the American people were tired of George Bush.
He lied to us, made unnecessary war in Iraq, mainly to enable American companies to pump oil — that apparently has not worked out.
He squandered Bill Clinton’s financial surplus, partly by lowering taxes for the super-rich.
He ignored the warnings about climate change, because that idea did not suit oil companies and others of his buddies.
He did nothing about our unworkable, a-la-carte system of health care
He largely ignored the needs and problems of ‘ordinary’ Americans. He was saying: ‘We’ll take care of the Rich. The rest of you take a hike
Obama inherited an unholy mess. He has made a beginning by addressing several major problems. He has ‘reached across the aisle’, but the party of NO has not cooperated. They say they want him to fail. This is foolish, bordering on criminal. It is like being in a life boat in a storm, hitting the man at the tiller in the face, and boring holes in the bottom. Republicans want to ‘take their country back’ — to what? to the days of George Bush?
They are fired up to take the House and the Senate in November. Democrats seem too lazy in their response. Look what happened to Teddy Kennedy’s seat in Massachusetts.
Democrats, you need a fire in your belly. Put your best foot forward. Convince the Independents that you are worth having around. Foil the plans of the party of NO!
My response to Eli’s original essay and subsequent posts, while echoing views others have expressed, reflects the work I have done in the process of writing my forthcoming book, “What Really Happened to the 1960s: How Mass Media Culture Failed American Democracy” (U.Press of Kansas, due in November). In focusing on the mass media during and since the 1960s, my analysis revolves around two fundamental qualities of our mass media system: 1. the media’s consistent tendency to narrow the range of “legitimate” discourse to perspectives that in one way or another fail to challenge, and indeed typically celebrate, our basic political and economic institutions and national mythologies, and 2. the market imperative that pushes them increasingly towards evocative visuals, drama & conflict, personalities, and the manipulation of emotion –in the process helping to dumb down our discourse. In the book, I argue that these two qualities in combination helped to influence the trajectory of 60s movements while simultaneously setting the stage for backlash that turned the U.S. to the right and generated neoliberal capitalism’s revival.
I start the book by discussing Obama’s 2008 election night victory and the powerful emotionality of that event, particularly the interview with John Lewis and the images of tearful African-American women celebrating in (of all places) Grant Park. But I set those images against the media discourse about Obama and the “Sixties” during the campaign –including Obama’s own words that he was from a new generation and wasn’t interested in fighting the “battles of the 1960s.” The latter discourse plays back to the 40 plus years in which the Right (often with important backing from the corporate center) has pummeled the (images & personalities of) the “Sixties” while commercial media have exploited those same images & personalities for what are essentially commercial ends, in the process accelerating the spread of a depoliticizing consumer/entertainment culture while also providing the right with persistent images & stories (decadence, violence, self-indulgence, etc.) they loathe but can use to manipulate populations who feel victimized, thereby mobilizing electoral constituencies.
So, in a sense Obama’s election, much like that of John Kennedy, was full of inspiring rhetoric, imagery, and a charismatic and articulate personality who also happened to be, historically enough, black. Enough to genuinely raise hopes and pull younger voters into the voting booth.
Yet politically savvy organizers and writers on the left have long argued that one cannot rely on President X, no matter what his or her personal traits and predilections, to move the system in a progressive direction. Indeed as one of the commentators above noted, as soon as Obama made his major appointments (major meaning, typically, economic and foreign policy), progressives should have understood the limited range of reform this administration would offer us. True, we could have wished for more forceful rhetoric, Obama could have taken a clear populist-rhetoric line on the economic crisis thereby helping to stem the growth of the Tea Baggers (whose resentments then got diverted to attacking health care reform and “government spending” –by the same formula that has worked for the Right for 40 years). But, could he? What important advice was he getting from her economists, for example -hmmmm. His entire frame of policy was circumscribed the moment he set foot in the White House and began consultations about appointing his cabinet & other advisers.
Which means, as many have also said, that is really IS up to us, to continue to act, speak up, tell the truth, make the connections between our capitalist system and the foreign and economic policies it produces that, in turn, produce a huge range of social and environmental ills that we and the rest of the world suffer from –and that restrain the range of possible “reforms” any Congress & presidency is going to enact –again, unless the people become more aware of what is happening and rise up and insist on something else. It’s a monumental task that “we” face, but there are opportunities almost daily to speak up, to talk to neighbors & co-workers, etc. about “teaching moments” –perhaps the most recent one being the poisoned and downward spiraling discourse exhibited regarding the alleged “ground zero mosque.”
I look forward to your book, Ted, I think the selling of obama in 2008 was one of the slickest, smartest and most cynical snow jobs of our time, Eli