The Seven Moral Principles of Kwanzaa
by: Valerie Elverton-Dixon on December 26th, 2009 | 12 Comments »
Kwanzaa is a young celebration rooted in an ancient culture and civilization. Dr. Maulana Karenga, an Africentric scholar and activist, founded Kwanzaa in 1966. It is a celebration that is observed from December 26 through January 1. It is a non-religious celebration that was conceived as a way for African-Americans to remember and to celebrate our history and culture. Moreover, the intent of the holiday is to emphasize seven moral principles, the Nguzo Saba, that arises from the cultural unity of African peoples. Kwanzaa is a time of remembrance and of rededication to a struggle for freedom.
Quiet as it is kept, Africa is mother to one of the world’s great civilizations. What we usually see of Africa in today’s media –disease, genocide, repression, starvation , war—hides the existence and the potency of African’s philosophy, religion, social structure, science, music, and art. Ancient Egypt was both a Mediterranean and an African civilization. It is the foundational civilization for a cultural unity that unifies African peoples across the globe. Before the Atlantic Slave Trade, African peoples migrated to other continents. During the more than 300 year history of the Atlantic Slave Trade, millions of Africans survived the Middle Passage and brought African ways of being to a wider world.
Poetry and polyrhythms dance haunting harmonies and melodies singing sacred life to every object at hand, exultant in a spiritual, religious, cosmology where a mediator god/human connects humanity to a distant Most High God. And spiritual beings take possession of a believer and rides. They speak truth and prophecy through the mouths of the human host. An African cool lives its own existential authenticity with a wink and a smile, nonchalant in the face of a weary blues.
An African social philosophy understands the importance of the individual to the community and the importance of the community to the individual. Because I am, we are. Because we are, I am. It disdains excess and considers immorality to be malodorous. Enough is enough, and too much stinks. Every elder woman is mother. Every elder man is father. Every contemporary is brother or sister. Every child is one’s own child, to be respected and protected. It is community without conformity. It is improvisation and a democratic conversation with each individual voice taking a turn to solo. It is jazz.
An African ethos tells tales of tricksters surviving life through courage and cunning. African endurance just keeps on keeping on singing: “walk, sing, pray together children don’t you ever get weary; there’s a great camp meeting going on in the Promised Land.” And the Promised Land is the country we re-create here on earth. African science makes something out of nothing, gives value to small things that are often overlooked as meaningless. African wisdom sees the necessity for diversity and for creative patterns that confuse and disrupt evil, keeping it from running amok when there is no obstruction or no question because everyone and everything is the same.
Within this rich ground, the seven principles of Kwanzaa grow. Each day represents one of the seven principles.
December 26: Umoja (unity) Unity is solidarity. It reminds us that family, community and nation are component parts of each other and of a larger whole. It is important to see our individual lives within the context of the whole and know that our moral acting has reverberations that affect the whole.
December 27: Kujichagulia (self determination) As individuals and as a people, we have an obligation to learn ourselves and to create and re-create ourselves through our own thinking and acting. We construct the character of who we are. We deconstruct it. We construct it again. We name ourselves, determine our own goals and work toward their realization. We define our own beauty. We do not allow other people to circumscribe or to proscribe our possibilities.
December 28: Ujima (collective work and responsibility) Because we are necessary to the community and the community is necessary to our well-being, we ought to work together for its maintenance and for its flourishing. We are all responsible for the cleanliness and safety of our streets. We are together responsible for the quality of our community’s institutions –family, schools, faith congregations, business and government.
December 29: Ujamaa (cooperative economics) We are responsible for supporting local businesses and local businesses have a responsibility to the economic health of the community. Small businesses create local jobs, thus it is important to begin to create business models that keep capital circulating locally for the benefit of the community. This means an imagination that sees a future where most of the necessities of healthy living are produced locally.
December 30: Nia (purpose) Purpose is at once the goal and the resolve to accomplish the goal. None of us exist through happenstance. African philosophy teaches that inherent in any existant is a reason for its existence. This is why one must be careful about the destruction of this or that. When we destroy a thing, we destroy the benefit that thing brings to creation as a whole. It is our moral responsibility to learn our own gifts and graces, to develop them and use them for the larger purpose of sustaining the community and the world.
December 31: Kuumba (creativity) Kuumba is the imperative to use our creative imaginations to imagine a better world and then to use our scientific and artistic skills to re-create the world. Regeneration, renewal is our work to do. We take the elements of what the world gives us and reconfigure them to make a new world. The next generation will deconstruct what we make, keep what is good and replace the bad with something better. Kuumba is a vital element of all of the other principles.
January 1: Imani (faith) Faith is a kind of knowing. It is the assurance that our efforts matter, that what we think and do matters. Our morals matter. Faith is trust. It is confidence in the knowledge of our own worth. Faith is a belief that we carry the image of God, and that we ought to carry the image with dignity and with self-respect. Faith tells us that we are the hands and feet of God, that we breathe God when we speak and act a radical love.
Kwanzaa and the seven principles it calls us to live require us to give the gift of ourselves to the world now and into an unseen and unknown new year. Kwanzaa means that we give the first fruits of our efforts to the struggle for freedom, to the hope and promise of a brighter coming day.
Happy Kwanzaa. Happy New Year. Peace.



Valerie, Thanks for this illuminating description of Kwanzaa and how it originates in African philosophy. It’s interesting to see that you take for granted that there is a pan-African cultural unity. When I was helping to create “Rise Up and Call Her Name,” a woman-honoring, Unitarian Universalist curriculum concerning the feminine divine in Africa, Asia, and Native America (I was the musical consultant), this assumption was probably the most contentious issue we faced. As (mostly) white women, we didn’t want to overgeneralize about Africa. I would love to hear what you have to say to this.
Valerie, thanks for this article on Kwanzaa and I’m thrilled to see it in the Tikkun Daily.
Along with Nancy, I would also love to hear you on this concept (pan-Africanism), as I’m sure you would be more articulate than certainly I would be, in terms of actually capturing what I would call the “essence” of it and putting it into words.
About 20 years ago I attended a workshop with Malidoma and Sobonfu Some., I told them I had a dream to write “An African Bible,” to portray the roots and progression of African spiritual thought and practices from the earliest known, Nubian, across Africa–a Diaspora–to this continent. I wanted to “find” the interfacing of essential concepts of spiritual aspiration and de-clutter the socio-cultural mores. As a current Unitarian-Universalist with no allegiance to a deist tradition, but with spiritual inclinations I’d love to collaborate with anyone to bring this to popular reading form. Any takers? Goggle or email gyfort@earthlink.net, Gwendoline Y. Fortune
Wonderful moral principles and applicable to all people and all times, so I hope the messages will be widely spread.
Happy Kwanzaa to all who observe it and best wishes in getting the principle more widely spread for all of society.
Unfortunately, one reality that we must face in every aspect of life is that the world is rapidly approaching an unprecedented climate catastrophe. Hence, we must make responding a central focus in all of our activities, so I hope Kwanzaa and all holidays and occasions will consider this, lest we face a very difficult future that will dampen this and all other holidays.
Thanks everyone for your interest and for your comments. For more on the cultural unity of African peoples
see the work of:
Cheikh Anta Diop
Melville J. Herskovits
Peter Paris
Deborah Grey White
Sterling Stuckey
John Mbiti
There has been much work done on the presence of Africans in the Bible, but the idea of an African Bible is very intriguing.
Peace,
Valerie
Kwanzaa was the artificial creation of a pervert and racist named Ron Karenga (born Ronald McKinley Everett), who according to wikipedia:
“In 1971, Karenga, Louis Smith, and Luz Maria Tamayo were convicted of felony assault and false imprisonment for assaulting and torturing over a two day period two women from the US Organization, Deborah Jones and Gail Davis.[7] An article in the Los Angeles Times described the testimony of one of the women: “Deborah Jones, who once was given the title of an African queen, said she and Gail Davis were whipped with an electrical cord and beaten with a karate baton after being ordered to remove their clothes. She testified that a hot soldering iron was placed in Miss Davis’ mouth and placed against Miss Davis’ face and that one of her own big toes was tightened in a vise. Karenga, head of US, also put detergent and running hoses in their mouths, she said”.
The so-called seven principles, are basically variations of one single principle: “Shut up and do as you’re told.”
Wow, dyspepsia rules! Self determination is about shutting up and doing as you’re told? Run that by me again? Purpose, creativity, cooperation, faith? Unity and collective work? I guess any values can be twisted by dominators to suppress people — we have seen that time and again — but that doesn’t mean all decent values are variations on domination. The opposite of domination is partnership, and the values that support partnership seem remarkably like the seven Kwanzaa principles to me. Not to you?
This information about the conviction of Karenga and others is disturbing. However, this does not negate the power of the moral principles. What makes these principles potent and effective is not Karenga’s morality, but the way people choose to understand and to live the principles. If we discounted every good offering that comes from a confused, corrupt,conflicted or even criminal mind and personality, we would have to toss much that has helped humanity come a very long way.
Thomas Jefferson was a slave owner who gave the world a beautiful and useful document, The Declaration of Independence. The seven principles will be with us long after Karenga.
Thanks for the information.
Peace,
Valerie
Okay, Let’s look at ‘em:
1)Unity: we much all think and do the same thing: shut up and do as you’re told!
2)Self Determination: as a group, the leadership, and only the leadership has the right to determine the self
3)Collective Work & Responsibility: Collective, that means the group trumps the indvidual, and the group has the responsiblity. In order to keep the collective we must shut up do was we’re told.
4)Cooperative Economics: in order to cooperate properly, we must shut up and do as the leadership, who is far wiser than we, wishes, for the good of the collective.
5)Purpose, this is to quote the website: “To make as our collective vocation ” Collective! The leadership must give us purpose, thus we must shut up and do as we are told.
6)Creativity: Okay, you’ve got me,but one out of seven is indeed bad.
7)Faith: In what? “our parents, our teachers, our leaders” Ah, yes, our teachers and our leaders, never to be questioned! We mush shut up and do as we are told.
Six out of seven principles can be boiled down to one: “shut up and do as you’re told.”
Creativity: only certain things may be created, so shut up and create as you’re told.
Yes, of course, just about anything can be made to mean “shut up and do as you’re told” if you embed it in a cultural context that insists on hierarchy of that kind. I hear you!
But does that mean we can’t decide for ourselves what our chosen principles mean? I don’t accept your definitions, for a start: so am I being an individualist or a communitarian in rejecting your take? As I see it, unity, cooperation and collective work and purpose are necessary for any human society: even the most ornery libertarian depends on others in multiple ways. Caring and love, forgiveness and adaptation to help others meet their needs, the skills of cooperative and interdependent living with other people and species — none of these require the obliteration of the individual, as you appear to fear, do they? Or am I reading you wrong?
“Karenga” was at times a Black Muslim and others a Stalinist, and both groups were of the totalitarian mindset. His “African Culture” was much like Santa Claus, a recently made up myth meant to entertain children. The principles are mostly bogus, and the candlestick is a parody of a menorah.
I think you are concentrating too much on Karenga and his organization. As I said before, the principles will stand long after Karenga and his organization are gone. Everything has meaning within context. These principles may be liberatory within a liberatory intentionality, used by people whose purpose is to work together for justice.
It is important to understand, whether or not Karenga’s organization does or not, that there can be a concept of community without conformity and without the notion of robotic obedience. This is one of the reasons that I gave an explanation of some African philosophical concepts before presenting the principles. Diversity, disdain for excess, the significance of the individual voice, and the possibility of divine interruption into human affairs through the voice of a transcendent spirit speaking through the voice of believers are all important to place these principles within a context that existed before Karnga.
As for Santa Claus, it is important to understand this figure as an archetype, as a personification of something larger than just a fat man in a red suit bringing presents to children.
Thanks again for your comments.
Peace,
Valerie