Cakes for the Queen of Heaven — Women’s Empowerment
by: Nancy Vedder-Shults on September 3rd, 2009 | 11 Comments »
This fall I’ll be teaching “Cakes for the Queen of Heaven” again. Shirley Ranck wrote this groundbreaking curriculum about women in Western religion in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but it was first published in 1986. The fact that it took the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) at least five years to put it out says a lot about this pioneering course.
The UUA is notoriously liberal, even progressive. But this class pushed the buttons of Unitarian Universalist’s still largely male hierarchy, and they delayed publication. Why? Maybe because it offered consciousness raising within a religious context. Maybe because it included some controversial research. Maybe because those patriarchs could see its long-term consequences: More women embracing the Goddesses in their lives.
It certainly had all of those effects. In fact, the consciousness of UU women — already empowered by political feminism — became raised even further by contact with spiritual feminism. And although the curriculum contained references to the controversial archeologist Marija Gimbutas, that didn’t stop UU women from pouring into Wicca, welcoming both its deities and its ritual. In fact, UU women made Wicca one of the fastest, if not the fastest-growing religion in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
With the help of the UU Women and Religion Committee, Ranck updated and re-issued “Cakes for the Queen of Heaven” last year. It’s still a wonderful course. And it still empowers women in ways that political feminism can’t. Where else would a teacher request that women sketch themselves nude and then talk about how this experience helped them to understand their concerns with body image? Where else would women talk about how patriarchal mothering antagonizes mothers and daughters in a divide-and-conquer strategy that has supported male domination? And where else would women learn about the history of masculine Gods displacing Goddesses?
Those are just some of the topics we dealt with last spring. This fall Kelly Crocker (First Unitarian’s Minister of Religious Education) and I will examine women in Judaism and Christianity as well as introducing the class to Wicca. We will look at the story of Hosea and his wife Gomer; create midrashim (is that the proper plural) concerning Sarah’s experience when Abraham takes their son Isaac to be sacrificed; explore the early Gnostic gospels that the imperial Catholic Church expunged from scripture; talk about Jesus’ mother Mary; and more.
In the last twenty years, I’ve learned a lot about religion. In fact, I only half-jokingly say that after I finished my Ph. D. In 1982, I gave myself a Ph.D. in Goddess Studies. One of the things that has troubled me over those years jumped right into my head as we started preparing the two “Cakes” sessions on Judaism. Many people — including bloggers here at Tikkun Daily – use the term “the Prophetic Tradition” to describe the continuing social justice work begun by the prophets in the Tanakh (Old Testament). By and large these ancient men, speaking as representatives of YHWH, urged the Israelites to take the side of the oppressed, to care for the poor, and create justice and equality in their culture. But they also railed against the Goddesses who were a part of Judaism and told women to know their place and stay out of positions of religious authority.
The use of “the prophetic tradition” as a purely progressive expression reminds me of the historical term applied to the 15th – 17th centuries — the “Renaissance.” Renaissance means literally “new growth,” and implies that this period was an advance over the Middle Ages, also called the “Dark Ages.” But during the Renaissance, women’s economic and social power diminished, and the first holocaust was perpetrated against them. Historians estimate that somewhere between 50,000 and 1,000,000 people (90% of them women) were murdered during what has been called the “burning times.” “Prophetic Tradition” and “Renaissance,” as normally understood, misrepresent the history of half the human race.



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Where will you be teaching this class? How do I find the curriculum? It sounds wonder filled.
This was a very interesting article and I LOVE the title. I have never heard of the text before.
I have long been interested in the efforts of the church in Spain to purge Catholic and Jewish mystical texts during the 15th and 16th century. I have wondered whether part of the reason that San Juan de la Cruz was imprisoned was because he quoted the Song of Songs so heavily. The Zohar also places a heavy emphasis on The Song of Songs and the feminine.
Was the Inquisition, in part, an effort to weed feminine writings out? (I don’t say “feminist” as that is too strong a word. These are books that acknowledge the existence of a divine feminine, but they do not question a partriarchal social structure.)
Scholarship First -
I was involved in worship and communion with goddesses for about 4 decades.
(Black Mountain Woman and the Lady Ix Chel deserve your attention, if you have not yet had the pleasure.)
I find the term “Goddess” to be like the term “Woman” – as in “What does Woman want?” There are many goddesses with different personalities, interests and attributes. While it can be useful in some instances to speak in archetypical terms like “Man” or “Goddess”, it behooves us to recognize the differences.
So who is “The Queen of Heaven” for whom the cakes were being made? Remember that MANY goddesses have been given this title. Let’s examine who this particular entity is. If we are referring to Shekinah or another feminine entity from the Hebraic tradition, then good. BUT, if we are speaking of the local Caananite goddess of the time, we are talking about a lady who demanded child sacrifice and forced prostitution.
How liberated was the girl who had to be a temple prostitute for a year? How liberated was the mother who had to burn her two or three year old child alive and listen to the screams?
I myself was part of the movement in the ’70′s to uncover the women’s wisdom and goddesses that the Old Testament has hidden between the lines. After many decades it is my belief that “The
Queen of Heaven” referred to in those verses was a vicious and anti-women entity – certainly not one with whom we should be taught to identify.
It’s a pretty name but to whom does it refer? What does your scholarship reveal to you?
Carol Taylor,
LRY Alumna
Lauren, I’ve been really busy, so I’m just getting back to your question about the Inquisition. The “burning times” coincided with the Spanish Inquisition, but actually the Protestant churches were just as involved in it as the Catholic. In fact, I recently learned that in Spain, many fewer “witches” were prosecuted and executed by the Inquisition than anywhere else. Instead they concentrated on “heretics.”
This period of time was incredibly chaotic, with peasant revolts, the Reformation and Counter-Reformation (i.e. the beginnings of Protestantism and the Catholic response), warfare, etc. The “witches” were by and large scapegoats in these difficult times, rarely actually practitioners of the old pagan religion. However, the fact that 90% of them were women (often old or marginal women), says a lot about the sexism of the time. Most women were (like most people) illiterate, so suppressing their writings was rarely a part of the equation.
Carol, I’ve been emphasizing your main point for years now — that it’s important to know which Goddess you are talking about, revering, worshiping. I ask women about their Goddess jewelry, and if they don’t know the myths surrounding the Goddess images they’re wearing, I tell them that they might want to find out.
About the “Queen of Heaven” in Jeremiah 7 and Jeremiah 44: We don’t know which Hebrew Goddess was being worshiped in this particular text. Most probably it was Asherah, who for many years was YHWH’s consort before Judaism became monotheistic. She was a Hebrew Goddess, worshipped by Hebrews. Raphael Patai’s book _The Hebrew Goddess_ makes this clear by looking at the archeological evidence from Biblical times.
The problems you refer to with Canaanite Goddesses have not been found in the archeological artifacts left behind by this culture, i.e. nobody knows for sure whether religious prostitution existed. But the most recent research I read demonstrates that although the Bible states that there was religious prostitution in Canaan, that there is no archeological evidence that it ever took place. Most people believe that the “Whore of Babylon” (in the New Testament) and the religious prostitutes in the Old Testament were metaphors for Hebrews “whoring” after other Gods and Goddesses.
You have to remember that history is written by the winners, in this case, the Hebrew Bible was written by monotheistic Hebrews who wanted to discredit any other Gods or Goddesses that existed in their history. I also just listened to a wonderful taped course from the Teaching Company, where the professor said that the most-used disparagements of any religion (including “witchcraft” during the “burning times”) involve child sacrifice. I believe this was just another slur against the polytheistic practices of a neighboring culture that continued to remind Hebrews of their past polytheism.
Thanks Nancy. Just to clarify, I didn’t mean writings by women because even in Spain, with the possible exception of Santa Teresa de Avila, women didn’t do a lot of writing. by “feminine” texts, I meant texts by men that alluded to the importance of femininity. I would include the Zohar and works by San Juan de la Cruz in this category.
Carol,
I just discovered an online journal called Women in Judaism. It has fascinating articles and book reviews. What I found that might interest you is a book review of Judith Hadley’s _The Cultof Asherah in Ancient Israel and Judah_ published in 2000. Hadley looks at the most recent archeological finds and comes to the same conclusion as Raphael Patai years ago. Here’s the URL: http://wjudaism.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/wjudaism/article/view/198/248.
All,
I am planning Cakes for the Queen of Heaven at my UU church. My questions:
1. What is the maximum number of people each facilitator should have?
2. Women only?
3. Should the sessions be held at the church or in a participant’s home?
4. How long is does each session last?
5. Evenings?
Thanks for your input.
How wonderful, Cindy, that you’ll be teaching this great class! Here’s what I think about your questions:
1) It depends on what type of experience you want to create. If a very intimate class, limit it to less than 12. But Kelly Crocker and I have 21 in our last class, and it was wonderfully interpersonal, with lots of sharing and caring between the participants (i.e. you can create intimacy with that many women). But I would limit it to 20 or so. Once you get bigger than that, you have to work harder to create the kind of tone and interaction that feeds the class most.
2) It really depends on the man/men involved. There are studies that show that if even one man is in a class, the interactional style will shift to a more masculine approach (with oneups-manship a possibility, and greater distance a reality). However, in my experience, if the man or men are willing to be more feminine in their approach, and not try to grandstand, but interact in a cooperative fashion, with lots of active listening, then you can have a feminine interactional style. I had a man in one Cakes class (and several in my women’s studies classes), but only once. He said he was there to listen and learn. He felt privileged to be allowed to participate. It was a great class. However, I asked him to come on the second night, not the first. Then the women could share their more intimate thoughts about their own bodies without a man there. It worked.
3) I don’t think that makes much of a difference.
4) I’ve found that it’s best to have at least 2 hours, and if you can swing it, 2 1/2. Even then, you will have to choose which activities you want to include or it will go over your time limit. And I think it’s important not to go beyond the ending time you’ve chosen, because that will frustrate some of your participants.
5) We’ve always taught the classes in the evenings, because that allows more women to participate, i.e. working women.
I hope this helps. Good luck, and enjoy this great curriculum.
Love and light,
Nancy
How fascinating and intriguing that this site should come up. The First Unitarian Society in Milwaukee will be starting to teach the “Cakes” curriculum on October 1, 2011. What a wonderful article this is by Nancy Vedder Shults, she is so knowledgeable. The curriculum is fantastic, let me know if you want to join us, open to all interested females, teens and up.
with joy-Janet